Costco & Amazon
Costco and Amazon compete directly in retail, with Amazon Prime and Costco memberships offering competing subscription-based value propositions to the same household consumer segment. Amazon's expansion into grocery and bulk goods (Amazon Fresh, Amazon Business) directly targets Costco's core categories, while Costco's e-commerce growth on Costco.com competes with Amazon's marketplace.
Why it matters: Costco's $254B in FY2025 revenue and 81M paid members represent one of the most loyal retail customer bases in the world. Its $5.3B in annual membership revenue is pure high-margin income that subsidizes below-cost pricing on merchandise. Amazon Prime's 200M+ members are the same affluent households Costco serves.