Moderna & Pfizer
Moderna and Pfizer were the two pioneer companies that brought mRNA vaccines to market during the COVID-19 pandemic, splitting the US mRNA vaccine market between Moderna's mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) and Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162b2 (Comirnaty). The two companies now compete across respiratory vaccines (COVID, flu, RSV) and cancer vaccines using the same mRNA technology platform.
Why it matters: Pfizer earned over $100B from COVID vaccines and treatments (2021-2023), funding a massive pipeline expansion. Moderna, valued at $200B+ at peak, is now competing to extend mRNA beyond COVID into influenza, RSV, personalized cancer vaccines, and rare disease. The mRNA platform race will determine which company becomes the dominant vaccine and biologics franchise of the next decade.